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Interview Preperation

Introduction
The selection process is becoming longer and more thorough and exacting for many organizations and candidates. In less buoyant economic periods, organisations are more cautious making hiring decisions and seek more information, clarify and greater reassurance when hiring a new employee. Central to this process is your ability to successfully demonstrate at interview, the following key three key factors:

  1. Your ability to do and excel in the job (Suitability).
  2. Your motivation to accept the job (Mobility).
  3. Your fit with the organisations values and culture (Compatibility).

Getting the most out of interviews requires you to focus on three aspects to the meeting:

  1. Your Preparation for Interview.
  2. Your Presentation at Interview.
  3. Your Performance in Interview.

Preparation
Being prepared for your interview can make the difference between success and failure because it gives you the confidence to promote yourself effectively.

Interviews are conducted by employers in order to verify that a candidate's abilities and experiences are relevant, and to evaluate the candidates' genuine interest and enthusiasm for the position.

  • Be aware that at interview, you may be asked problem questions designed to determine your stability, motivation, maturity and attitude.
  • Be prepared with an explanation as to why you want the job, as well as examples that illustrate the skills highlighted on your Curriculum Vitae.
  • Take some time prior to the interview to conduct preliminary research on the company, which should allow you to ask relevant questions during the interview.

Find out as much as you can about the company
Bear in mind that an interview is not just you appealing to a company, the company must appeal to you. Your research on the company should generate questions about the company - it's strategy moving forward, your career path, training programmes available, advancement opportunities for the high achiever and earning potential

Serious applicants will be expected to find out as much as possible about the company in advance of their interview. Gather information from annual reports, in-company newsletters and press articles. Online newspaper archives and personal contacts, if you have any, are even better. Do not exclusively rely on the company's website, the candidate in before you just did that as will the one following you. It shows a complete lack of imagination.

Other ways to show interest and initiative include contacting the company directly for information and working interesting facts and figures about their organisation into your answers right from the start.

One way or the other, be ready to answer questions along the lines of "how can you contribute to our organisation", or "what do you know about us, our products, our competitors, our marketplace", etc.

Suitability
Make sure you understand the job specification in full. List the key requirements - desirable skills, experience, personal traits - and match yourself against them all. This way you'll have time to spot any gaps and can prepare an appropriate answer. More importantly, it will help you to clearly identify your own skills, strengths and achievements in relation to the position outlined.

Make sure you know who is going to interview you, both their name and job title. What kind of interview format do they use? Will there be a panel, for example? Are they looking at your ability to deal with a given situation, or might the interview be personality-based? Will there be any aptitude or psychometric testing?

Cutting out surprises will make you feel less nervous, although it is also worth remembering that a little nervous anticipation can give your performance an edge.

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Presentation
It may sound obvious, but you never get a second chance to make a first impression. Dress to impress. If I am interviewing someone for our company, I am immediately assessing how this person will impact on visitors to our offices or out on client sites. So don't just make an effort, make a BIG EFFORT.

Key steps to improve your impact and presentation at interview include the following:

  • Make a good, confident entrance.
  • Maintain eye contact and don't forget to smile. Your objective is to establish a rapport with the interviewer.
  • If you're dealing with a panel, make sure you get their names and job titles correct - a good way to do this is to repeat each name out loud as you're being introduced.
  • Listen carefully to every question and qualify it if necessary. Organise your thoughts by taking some time to think before answering.
  • Don't be afraid of silences if you're trying to compose an articulate answer.
  • Be energetic and enthusiastic about your answers
  • Be positive - and never criticise current or previous employers.
  • Match your skills point-for-point with the job requirements, highlighting relevant strengths and achievements.
  • Get the employer thinking about you in the role by asking hypothetical questions about situations that might arise.
  • Ask questions about the job and the company, but stay away from too many "me" questions - "how many holidays do I get each year", for example.
  • Avoid raising the issue of your potential salary. Wait, instead, for the employer to do so and then be honest, but fair, about your expectations. If they're too high, you'll more than likely be ruled out.

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Mobility
Ultimately your goal when applying for a job is to be the person who decides whether or not you work for this company. Make sure the employer feels that you are motivated by the opportunity they are presenting. Thank the interviewer for their time, re-state your interest and ask what the next step will be.

Performance
Take every opportunity to sell yourself at the interview. Ultimately you want the employer to believe that you are the best person for the job. Support your answers with practical examples from your own experience and don't shy away from asking job-related questions yourself. If you are asked about your weaknesses, concentrate on two or three areas you would like to personally develop and discuss them positively and with confidence.

Compatibility
Central to your performance at interview should be your demonstration of an alignment between your interests and those of the hiring company. You can achieve this by discussing these three factors openly and frankly with the interviewer:

  • Your career interests and the capacity of the organisation to meet these.
  • Your expectations of an employer and their expectations of an employee
  • The characteristics that the interviewer believes successful employees in their company demonstrate.
  • To enable your performance at interview it is important to know in advance the format that the interview will take. Interviews in Ireland largely fall into four types:

1. Situational interviews
Are designed around a number of questions, which focus on situations, which might happen in a job. As the candidate, you are asked what you would do in each situation. In essence you are presented with a series of hypothetical questions which are future oriented and which seek to test your instinct for the right course of action.
Tip: Don't be too concerned with getting the answer absolutely correct. The interviewer is assessing your instinct and imagination. Ask the interviewer to qualify the "situation" if you feel it will help you.

2. Behavioural interviews
Use examples of your past performance and behaviour to predict likely future performance and behaviour. Questions will seek to assess how you coped in different situations in your previous role or activity. The emphasis is very much on your previous job experience and how it relates to the opening for which you are being considered. Attention will centre around how much additional training or development you may need and if, having done the job already, you can now do it all over again in a new context.
Tip: The interviewer will only pay credence to those answers that you give containing "I" statements and not to those that contain "We" statements.

3. Unstructured interviews
Are loosely organised and have no predetermined structure. Discussion is often wide-ranging, with the focus shifting on those issues, which may hold the interest of the interviewer, or on those, which may give some indication of future job performance.
Tip: While this form of interview is the least valid in terms of predicting likely future success, it is the most commonly form of interview used. The informal structure lends itself to establishing good rapport with the interviewer. Maximise this opportunity through eye contact and body language. In this type of interview more weight is likely to be given to two things: how you say things rather that what is said (tone, emphasis, accent, pitch, volume, fluency) and the impression you make through your non-verbal behaviour, often in the first few minutes.

4. Panel interviews
These tend to consist of between three and five members, often drawn from different parts of an organisation. Panels are often designed to make quite rapid decisions (frequently on the day of the interview), as well as giving a number of people a stake in the decision making process.
Tip: Establishing any level of rapport with panel members is generally impossible. Maintain eye contact with the questioner; give each answer, equally to every member, by moving your head left to right and addressing each person with a part of your answer. Remember the names of each panel member by repeating their name out loud when it is given to you. If you are sitting at a table right down their names left to right relative to where they are sitting.

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Interview Preparation
Though no two job interviews are ever the same, it is certainly possible to anticipate questions you'll face - and to prepare smart answers beforehand.

Job interviews are a two-way process. They offer an opportunity for the candidate, as well as the prospective employer, to ask questions. Asking the right questions can help candidates find the right job with the right company

Being well prepared for a job interview can make all the difference. Doing homework on the company and the industry can ensure that candidates have a steady stream of relevant answers when the interviewer starts asking questions.

But what is just as important is for candidates to have some questions of their own ready. This shows that the candidate is thinking about what has been said and is trying to better understand what is required.

Active listener, active contributor
The candidate should be an active listener, as well as an active contributor. Nothing loses the goodwill or interest of an employer more than a candidate who consistently misses the point and is not focused on what is being asked.

This is often a result of nerves. If this is the case, the candidate should just pull back and concentrate on the point of the question. Asking for clarification buys thinking time and teases out more information.
To make sure that the next job is a positive career move and not a leap into the great unknown requires rigorous preparation. Prospective employers, for their part, are not charities or foundations. They need candidates who can meet their requirements and bring something extra to the business.

A two-way street
Candidates should find out what they will be getting from their prospective employers. Not just in terms of remuneration, though it is important to think this through and to discuss it at the right stage, but also in terms of personal and career development. The interview process is the first step in the relationship and needs to be a two-way street.

The two key questions are: is this the right company for me and is this the right job for me? Some of that information can be found in company brochures and websites, but it is also crucial to make use of the interview process.

Find out what happened to predecessors (if an existing role)
Candidates should ask what has happened to the last three people who did the job they are applying for. Have they been promoted through the ranks of the company and are they now enjoying heady perks at the top of the ladder?

Perhaps the predecessors no longer work for the company. If so, did the job catapult them into the managing director's chair in a rival company or did they leave because the job was heading nowhere?
If predecessors are now doing exactly the sort of job the candidate is dreaming of, then the job could be perfect. If they are not, deciding whether the position is the right one may require further thought.
If applying to a multinational firm because the idea of traveling appeals, the candidate should find out what the opportunities for international experience are. It is all a matter of asking the right questions and finding out exactly what the scope is before accepting the job.

Think big, but watch the detail
The candidate should take a careful look at the employer and its departments. Also get a clear picture of where the company is going strategically. There is no point getting the ideal job in a company that will cease trading in a year.

On the other hand, an employer might not be able to offer the ideal job now, but it may offer great opportunities for the future. It is important to find out what the aspirations of prospective employers are.

To an outsider, the most mundane job can look glamorous if it is in the right wrapping. It is up to a candidate to peel off the layers and get down to the true essence of a position.

That involves doing some background research, talking to people who work for the company and using that information to ask the right questions in the interview. Making an informed decision is at the heart of changing jobs.

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First Interview - Useful Hints

  • Arrive early, which gives you time to compose yourself. If you are going to be late (there are very few acceptable excuses) try to call in advance and warn the interviewer.
  • Introduce yourself to the Secretary / Receptionist, indicating your appointment time and whom you are to see.
  • If you are asked to complete an application form, do so in a thorough fashion. An answer such as 'see CV' is not acceptable. Under headings related to salary expectations, do not overprice yourself, give realistic figures.
  • Walk briskly into the interview room and greet the interviewer with a firm handshake (but not too firm!). Follow the interviewer's lead regarding greetings. If the interviewer introduces him/herself formally, respond in a formal manner
  • Answer the question that is being asked. Keep to the point and make as many positive remarks as possible, avoid answering negatively to any questions asked and emphasise your good qualities
  • Do not misrepresent your qualifications, experience or current salary
  • Do not speak negatively about your current/previous employers or jobs. Doing so could raise awkward questions about your compatibility
  • Always act as if you are going to be offered the job you are discussing
  • Show enthusiasm and maintain good eye contact to emphasise your sincerity.
  • First impressions can be very powerful and have more of an impact than people realise, so it is very important that you make a positive first impression by ensuring your dress and grooming are consistent with the type of position for which you are applying. Err on the side of conservative dress; wear a business suit - sports jackets and casual trousers are not recommended. Clothes should be neat and pressed and shoes should be polished.
  • In wet weather try to leave your outer clothing and umbrella in reception.

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Helpful Hints - for those unexpected questions:
Understand yourself. To honestly demonstrate who you are and how you think, you must have good insight into your values, interests, temperament and motivators. When you know what you enjoy and motivates you professionally, you'll provide unforced answers that indicate whether you'd be a good fit. "It's in your best interest to let the interviewer know what you like and what kind of job / culture / organization you'd thrive in.

Think before you answer. Don't say the first thing that comes into your head. Pause for five or 10 seconds or longer before offering your response. Often the impression this makes on interviewers is "If I don't get an immediate response, it tells me I've asked a worthwhile question. "I've forced a candidate to think a little bit."

Consider the underlying intent to the question. Every query is designed in some way to relate to the opening and whether you would be a good hire.
Realize you don't have to respond. Sometimes the right answer is "I don't know" or "I don't have an opinion. People who have an answer for everything often have the wrong answer for everything, so sometimes it's OK to take a step back and say you'd like to think about something.

At the first interview stage of the recruitment process, the odds of getting the job are still very long. A candidate has met the academic and perhaps the personality profile the employer is looking for, but it is likely that anywhere up to 100 others have also passed this test - 100 to 1 odds. The challenge now is to shorten the odds.

When the Duke of Wellington said that The Battle of Waterloo 'was won on the playing fields of Eton' he could have been stressing the importance of preparation. As with so much else in life, preparation for the first interview is pivotal.

To have a fighting chance at this stage, the candidate needs to treat it like an exam. Although recruiters will be aware that candidates could have interviews with other employers, they will want to be sure that a candidate has genuine reasons for applying to their company. Just wanting a job, rather than wanting this job with this company, is not going to get a potential employee very far.

The candidate should set about researching the company systematically. Key areas of research will be company history, leading executives, financial performance, recent news, global structure, recent successes and failures, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.

This information serves as a minimum requirement to get through the early stages of the interview.

The first interview is normally carried out by a company's human resources team. From their point of view, the purpose of the first interview is to match potential employees' character profiles with the corporate culture of the company and individual departments within it.

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Interview check-list
A candidate should consider the following:

Questions
The purpose of all interviews is to enable both parties to make an informed choice.

A candidate needs to perform a balancing act between conveying the right message in their answers, and asking the right questions to be able to make an informed decision if they are offered a job.

The first interview is a macro interview and questions should focus on the company and its approach to hiring, training and development. Candidates should put time aside to prepare questions, research the answers and ideally ask for more information in the interview.

The quality of a candidate's questions says a lot about their research and the seriousness of their application.

Under the microscope
Everything that a candidate says and does is being assessed. The interviewer is assessing both style and content. This is a very subjective part of the process for the interviewer, who must whittle down a large number of applicants down to a manageable shortlist.

Enthusiasm
There is a saying that enthusiasm sells. So if a candidate feels enthusiastic about certain aspects of the company, the job or their own life, they should demonstrate it.

Know thyself
Recognize strengths and weaknesses. There should be alignment to the psychometric test or questionnaire. Candidates should be able to back-up any comments with real life examples.

Pressure
Be prepared for shock tactics: not every interviewer will be pleasant. There are many cases where there may be two or more interviewers involved at this stage, and it is not uncommon for someone to take on the 'bad cop' role. This person will put the interviewee under pressure by being confrontational, questioning answers aggressively and testing the resolve or depth of true knowledge, feeling or desire on issues.

Logic and consistency
The interviewer is looking for a consistency of message. For example, in the types of job and company applied for.

Presentation
First impressions last. Some people say that one never looks as good as at the first interview. Invest time into preparation. If in doubt, it is better to err on the side of being more conservative.

Punctuality
Be early, know where to go, and plan the journey. Being late for a first interview is a killer.

Top tips
Do not arrange an interview for the morning after a big night out.
If nervous, put some tissue paper or a paper towel in a pocket - this is good for wiping the sweat from hands before handshakes.

Frequently asked questions
This list cannot be complete, but thinking through the following questions is good training.

  • Why that choice of subject/degree course at university?
  • Which other companies have you applied to/had interviews with?
  • Why are you applying to us/for that position?
  • Do you prefer to work alone or in a group?
  • What are you looking for in an ABC role?
  • What do you think are some of your good qualities or traits?
  • Who do you admire? Why?
  • What makes a successful person? Who do you think is successful?
  • What is your greatest achievement? Why?
  • What are the most important factors in a job?
  • What would be the ideal job? Why?
  • Can you describe a typical day in the job you have applied for?
  • What job would you like to be doing in X years time?
  • What job do you think you will be doing in X years time?
  • If you had a million pounds, what would you do? How would you invest it?
  • Describe the biggest problem you have faced in the last six months? How did you handle it?
  • Is there anything in your life you would do differently?
  • Do you feel pressure? How do you deal with it?
  • How do you deal with failure? Give an example?
  • What differentiates you from your peers?
  • Tell me about your siblings?
  • How would your friends describe you? Your brother or sister? Your parents?

Interviewers have also been known to ask what question a candidate least wants to be asked - and then gone on to ask it. There is no mystery: interviewers want to see what is special about the candidate, in order to be able to select the best people for the positions they are looking to fill.

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Telephone Interviews

  • Have a copy of your CV to hand
  • Smile when you speak, you'll come across friendlier and more enthusiastic
  • Speak formally, unless the interviewer has asked you to address him or her by their first name
  • Remember to listen carefully to what the interviewer has to say, this will show that you have good communication skills, and, it will give you time to take a breath and decide how you want to answer a given question
  • Some time before the phone interview takes place, prepare a list with the names of the people with whom you'll be speaking, questions you want to ask and three points you'd like to make during the interview
  • Once the company has phone interviewed all scheduled candidates, a short list is then drawn up for whichever candidates the company feels are a match with the job specification, and then a face-to-face interview is generally scheduled for suitable candidates.

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Second Interview - Useful Hints
By the second interview stage the odds are beginning to swing in the candidate's favour. The focus is more on what the candidate can offer the company and expect from the job. But the competition will be steep and a small number of factors may swing the decision.
Typically the second, or final, interview stage will tend to consist of panel interviews and group work, as well as one-on-one interviews. Each of these elements has a purpose and put together will allow employers to select the successful candidate.

Group sessions typically include up to three activities. First, there are discussions where topics are introduced and debated within the group. Usually these topics have an element of confrontation so as to assess a candidate's contribution, testing their ability to put and defend a case and win others over to their point of view.

In a group of six or more this environment can be fun or hostile, depending on the group and a candidate's knowledge about the topic. Having a leading role in these discussions is the best way of raising profile, but quality of content and ability to argue your case will be viewed favourably.

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Tips for group role tests
Another common test is problem solving in a project format, working against the clock. Group dynamics are observed, as are the final results of the project.

Personality traits are assessed by observing the roles adopted and the ways in which people interact. The roles can include leader/manager, sales, entrepreneur and technician. These functions are broad descriptions for traits which individuals display when working in a group, particularly in an environment where there is fierce internal and external competition.

A very easy mistake for ambitious people to make is to think that the role of group leader is the only one worth having. As so much work is team-based and requires collaboration, a candidate should work out which skills the group as a whole needs to be effective, and fit in accordingly.

Everyone can play more than one team-role, although most people have usually no more than two significant role strengths. So spot the role that the group most needs, and if it is suitable, play it up.

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Tips for presentations
There is also scope for individual work followed by a presentation. These presentations may be to the candidate's small group, the combined group or an interviewing panel.

There is not much which can be done to prepare for these types of session beforehand. The best approach is to be well read on current events, get public speaking and presentation experience, and do some research into last year's sessions. The content of the exercises may change, but the format will stay the same if it has been successful.

The two best ways of acquiring inside information are speaking to people already in the company and asking for it at the first interview. Often the best information, on anything from exams to share options, is from an insider. As the saying goes, 'if you don't ask you don't get'. So ask - the worst that can happen is that someone will say no.

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Tips for panel interviews
Panel interviews are always harrowing. In one graduate interview, the candidate sat on a swivel office chair facing a panel of five people who were sitting in front of a huge window looking out onto a busy railway square.

The candidate had a tendency to fidget and get easily distracted so this was a big test. The hardest thing was not to swivel too much when talking to the people at either end of the panel. Managing to sit still for an hour helped get the job.

Panel interviews are usually made up of a human resources specialist and divisional managers, who may be competing for graduates or looking to make a joint decision. Some panels may also include senior management and or psychiatrists. These interviews allow a number of different directions to be pursued, in an environment where not everyone will agree with the interviewee's viewpoint.

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Good cop, bad cop
Some panels have a designated 'good cop' and 'bad cop'. These interviews are a test of thinking on the spot, making judgments on why questions are being asked and where they are going to lead.

Do not expect to get on with everyone and have your view shared: explain and give reasons, but be careful not to become argumentative. Also beware of the silent person: they are likely to ask left-field questions.
Sometimes questions may be trite or obscure, to flush out contradictions between the candidate's second interview, psychometric test, or first interview responses. But a panel interview can also be easier than a one-on-one because a panel may not be that well co-ordinated.

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Tips for one-to-one interviews
The one-on-one interview will often be more micro focused, based on the hiring manager's style, views and departmental needs. As a result the exercise often focuses on specific skill matching and therefore time may be spent testing or looking back on the candidate's analytical or language skills.

There can be some difficult questions that may require the candidate to call on knowledge learnt during their degree, or problem solving. Other questions will be scenario-based, designed to test the candidate's approach to handling particular situations. In many cases these will lead on to a resulting scenario which will need further solutions.

A third major element of the interview will be a discussion of the specifics of the department and the job. The interviewer will want to determine knowledge, level of interest and reasons for applying to that particular area of the company and for that job.

Both the first and second interviews have sections where the company will sell the benefits of coming to work for them, as opposed to the competition, to candidates and expect them to ask questions. Prepare questions and always be ready to respond to unexpected ones that arise in the interview.

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Further tips on answering potential interview questions
Why have you applied for this job
Do: Explain the value you can bring to the job. List the aspects of the role and the company that appeal to you in terms of responsibilities, training, career progression, company culture, technologies in use, where you see the company growing or the good reports you have heard or researched about the company.

What is your understanding of what this job entails?
Do: Discuss what you understand is typically required in terms of this job. Qualify you understanding of the role in relation to the company, and any other information you may have in relation to your knowledge of the company, particular projects, changes in the current industry.

What are you looking for in this job?
Don't: Talk about what you want the company to give you.
Do: Discuss what you want in terms of what you can offer an employer. If you are looking for more project-management experience, then explain that you excelled in it before, and how you would like to further contribute this skill and work with a manager who could help make this happen.

Are you the rights person for this job ?
Answering is difficult because even if you aren't suited for a position, "you want to say yes, and people would tell you to say yes," One possible response is 'I would like to know more, I certainly have the talent but would have to explore it further'.

Why this company?
How can you make a difference in this role? How do you propose to add value in this role?

Examples of where you have done the requirements of the job previously

Can you rate your skills on a scale of 1 to 10?
Do: Talk about how you strive for a 10 rating in both your professional and personal life, stressing how important it is for you always to do your best.

What are your greatest strengths?
Do: Convince the interviewer. Tell her or him some aspect of your work that you are particularly proud of and how you have used it effectively to achieve something of value to a particular project, etc. If the question relates to personality traits, then immediately provide a one- or two-minute real-world example to demonstrate. Have two or three prepared.

What are your weaknesses e.g. some aspect that you were weak on and how you have improved.

Where do you see yourself in two to three years?
Do: Show that you have ambition and a structured way of setting goals. But you don't have to be specific. Instead, explain how at this point in time you look forward to advancing your career, and that you realize other opportunities may crop up as the company learns more about you and vice versa.

Closing the Interview

  • If you are interested in the position - make sure you tell the interviewer(s) this - if there are second round interviews, ask for one or ask what are the next steps and timeframes in the interview process.
  • If the interviewer offers you the position and you want it, accept it on the spot. Prevarication is not considered desirable in an employee. If you are genuinely unsure, be tactful in asking for a little time. Set a definite date by which you will respond.
  • Do not be discouraged if no definite offer is made or specific salary is discussed. The interviewer will probably want to interview more applicants before making a decision.
  • If you get the impression that the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. Occasionally an interviewer who is interested in you may seek to test your reaction to the stress of rejection.
  • Thank the interviewer for considering you. If you have answered the two questions uppermost in the interviewer's mind: 'Why are you interested in the company?' and 'What can you offer the company?' you have done all you can.

After the Interview
Call your consultant in Allen Recruitment and describe how the interview went. Your consultant will want to talk to you before the interviewing company call Allen Recruitment.
If you are interested in the position, your consultant will help you to secure it

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Evaluating the Interview
Whether the interview leads to a job, to another interview, or to rejection, you should consider it a learning experience for any future interview.

  • Jot down a few notes immediately after the interview. Note areas discussed, reasons why you are suitable for the job, any negative points.
  • Did you listen, make any interruptions?
  • How did you background fit the job specifications?
  • Can you do the job?
  • Did you get on well with the interviewer? Did you agree next steps in the interviewing process with the interviewer?
  • Are you compatible with the corporate culture of the company?
  • Are there good career prospects?

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Factors contributing to a Negative Response at Interview

  • Lack of preparation for the interview.
  • Failure to ask questions about the position.
  • Persistent 'What can you do for me' attitude.
  • Poor personal appearance or posture.
  • Lack of interest and enthusiasm. You exhibit passivity or indifference.
  • Lack of tact, maturity or courtesy.
  • Over emphasis on money.
  • Evasiveness: you make excuses for unfavourable aspects of your records.
  • Lack of appreciation for the value of experience.
  • Being conceited and/or overbearing. You know it all.

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